Tibial plateau fractures can be classified based on various factors, including the specific pattern of the fracture, the amount of displacement, and the involvement of the joint surface.
Lateral Tibial Plateau Split Fracture: This type involves a fracture in the outer (lateral) portion of the tibial plateau. It is often associated with high-energy trauma and may result in instability of the knee joint.
Medial Tibial Plateau Split Fracture: Similar to a lateral tibial plateau fracture, a medial tibial plateau fracture involves a break in the inner (medial) portion of the tibial plateau. It can also lead to instability and may be associated with other injuries.
Bicondylar Fracture: Bicondylar fractures involve both the lateral and medial aspects of the tibial plateau. These fractures are often more complex and may require careful surgical management to restore stability to the knee joint.
The Schatzker classification is a system that categorizes tibial plateau fractures into six types based on the pattern of the fracture lines and the involvement of the joint surface. It helps guide treatment decisions. The types range from less severe (Type I) to more complex (Type VI).
Non-Displaced vs. Displaced Fractures: Fractures can be categorized as non-displaced (minimal or no shift in bone alignment) or displaced (significant shift or separation of bone fragments). Displacement may impact treatment decisions.
A tibial avulsion fracture occurs when a small fragment of bone is pulled away from the tibia due to the force of a muscle or ligament pulling on it. This type of fracture typically involves an avulsion, where the bone fragment is detached at the site where a tendon or ligament attaches. Avulsion fractures can occur in various locations on the tibia, and the specific location depends on the muscle or ligament involved. The most common tibial avulsion fracture involves the ACL. Tibial avulsion fractures can happen during sudden and forceful contractions of the muscles or due to a traumatic event.
