Runner’s Knee

Chondromalacia occurs when the cartilage under the kneecap deteriorates and becomes roughened. This cartilage is designed to provide a smooth gliding surface for the patella as it moves within the femoral groove. When it softens or wears down, friction increases, leading to pain and inflammation.

Chondromalacia is most commonly seen in:

• Young athletes
• Runners and cyclists
• Individuals with poor kneecap alignment
• Those with a history of knee trauma or overuse

Several factors can contribute to the development of chondromalacia, including:

Overuse and Repetitive Stress

• Activities like running, cycling, squatting, and jumping place repetitive stress on the knee joint.
• This overuse can lead to cartilage wear and tear.

Muscle Imbalances

• Weakness in the quadriceps, hamstrings, or hip muscles can affect knee stability.
• Improper muscle activation can cause the patella to track incorrectly, increasing pressure on the cartilage.

Patellar Malalignment

• When the kneecap does not move properly within the femoral groove, it can lead to uneven cartilage wear.
• Factors like a high-riding patella (patella alta) or a shallow trochlear groove may contribute.

Previous Knee Injuries

• Direct trauma (e.g., falls, dislocations, or fractures) can damage the cartilage.
• Surgical procedures around the knee may alter patellar tracking.

Arthritis and Age-Related Changes

• As we age, cartilage naturally wears down, increasing the risk of chondromalacia.
• Osteoarthritis can exacerbate cartilage damage and inflammation.

Symptoms of chondromalacia vary in severity but typically include:

• Pain around or behind the kneecap (especially when climbing stairs, squatting, or sitting for prolonged periods).
• Grinding or clicking sensations in the knee with movement.
• Swelling or tenderness around the patella.
• Knee instability or weakness when bearing weight.

To diagnose chondromalacia, a healthcare provider will assess symptoms and conduct physical examinations, including:

• Patellar compression tests to assess pain and movement.
• Evaluation of knee alignment and muscle strength.

Imaging studies may also be used:

• X-rays: Rule out fractures or structural abnormalities.
• MRI scans: Provide a detailed view of cartilage health and any underlying soft tissue damage.